Patient Information: A 27-year-old female was referred to postgraduate endodontics for diagnosis and treatment of tooth #31.

Chief Complaint: Patient wanted her teeth fixed.

Past Medical History: The patient's health was within normal limits and was utilizing birth control medication at the time of the initial visit. She reports no known drug allergies.

Past Dental History: This patient has been seen at the Dental Care Center at Stony Brook since 09/11/00.

Clinical Evaluation: Extraoral evaluation was within normal limits. Intraoral assessment revealed poor oral hygiene, multiple edentulous areas, and dental restorations with recurrent decay. There was no pain to percussion or palpation associated with #31. The tooth was periodontally compromised. Digital radiographs of tooth #31 revealed incomplete endodontic therapy, and slight thickening of the periodontal space.

Pretreatment Diagnosis:
Pulpal: Incomplete root canal therapy
Periapical: Chronic apical periodontitis

Endodontic Treatment Plan: After consultation, with restorative dentistry and the patient, it was decided to retreat the incomplete endodontic therapy and ultimately restore the tooth with a post, core, and crown.

Clinical Procedure:

Visit 1 — 12/04/00)

1. Written consent to treatment was obtained from the patient
2. Anesthesia was obtained by administering lower right inferior alveolar and long buccal blocks using 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 parts epinephrine.
3. The tooth was isolated with rubber dam and access to the pulp chamber obtained.
4. The gutta percha softened with chloroform, and #15 k-type file used to negotiate the canals.
5. The canals were irrigated with sodium hypochlorite.
6. Root ZX. was used to determine the working lengths.
7. The tooth was temporized with cotton and cavit and postoperative instructions given.

Visit 2 —12/11/00

1. Anesthesia was administered, the tooth isolated , and access to the canals obtained
2. The canals were cleaned and shaped using Profile (.04 taper) files in an electric handpiece running at 300 rpm.
3. The canals were irrigated with sodium hypochlorite and dried with paper points.
4. The canal patency and diameter was verified to the working length.
5. All canals were obturated with gutta percha and System B vertical condensation technique.
6. The tooth was temporization with cotton and cavit, post operative instructions given and a periapical digital radiograph was taken.
7. The patient advised to return to the clinic for 6-month re-evaluation.